Gaffer
The head of the electrical department on a film set, responsible for executing the lighting plan designed by the cinematographer.
Definition
The gaffer is the chief lighting technician on a film or television production. Working closely with the Director of Photography, the gaffer translates the DP's creative lighting vision into practical execution by selecting equipment, positioning lights, managing electrical power distribution, and leading the electrical crew.
The gaffer's team includes electricians and lighting technicians who handle the physical setup of all lighting equipment. The role requires deep knowledge of electrical systems, lighting instruments, color temperature, and the creative effects achievable with different lighting techniques.
Why It Matters
Lighting is arguably the most important technical element in filmmaking — it shapes mood, directs audience attention, and defines the visual quality of every frame. The gaffer's expertise directly impacts whether a production achieves its creative vision.
On set, an experienced gaffer saves time and money by working efficiently and anticipating problems. They know which equipment to use for each situation and can adapt quickly when conditions change, keeping production on schedule.
Examples in Practice
A gaffer rigs a practical lighting setup inside a small apartment set that allows the camera to shoot 360 degrees without seeing any lights, creating a naturalistic look for an indie drama.
On a night exterior shoot, the gaffer coordinates a 200-amp generator and a grid of HMI lights to simulate moonlight across a large area, achieving the director's vision within the tight schedule.
A gaffer working on a commercial suggests using LED panels instead of traditional tungsten lights, reducing setup time by 40% and keeping the production under budget.